Guide to using 10 Frames

Ten frames are some of the most useful math tools for young learners. These rectangular wonders are great for helping children develop number sense, build addition and subtraction skills, and more. If you’d like to learn more about ten frames, you’re in the right place. Let’s dive in!

What are ten frames, exactly?

Ten frames are rectangular frames that are divided equally into ten square-shaped sections. There are two rows of squares total--one row of five squares at the top and another row of five squares at the bottom. (You’ll see examples in the images below.) 

Why do we use ten frames?

Ten frames are great for helping children develop a strong number sense foundation. In a nutshell, number sense is the ability to truly and fluently understand numbers and their values. A strong foundation in number sense leads to a strong understanding of math skills. 

It’s also important to know that children who have a strong sense of the number 10 will be able to relate it to lots of different areas of math. Think of it this way. A child who understands that a 4 and a 6 make 10 will start to understand that 40 and 60 make 100.

Key Skills Ten Frames Can Help Children Learn

Here are just some of the the skills children can learn by using ten frames:

• Counting: Have children place counters in individual squares of a ten frame. Help them count “how many.” Children will begin to see that more counters equal larger numbers and less counters equal smaller numbers!
• One-to-One Correspondence: One counter in each space will help solidify this concept. Be sure to have children touch each counter as they count!
• Number Value: Show a numeral and then help children place that many counters in a ten frame or vice-versa. This way, children will begin to understand the value of each numeral.
• Subitizing (recognizing “how many” without counting): With continued practice, children will begin to develop this skill. For example, they will intuitively begin to “see” 5 when the entire top row is filled.
• Addition/Subtraction: Use different colored counters and have children find the total. Example: 4 red counters and two blue counters will give 6 in all, etc. For subtraction practice, take one colored set away and see what’s left!
  

Ways to Make Ten Frames Fun for Young Learners

Getting creative always makes things more fun for learners of all ages! These are some clever ways to get your little learners excited about using ten frames. With so many possibilities, you’re only limited by your imagination!

• Play-Doh: Children can use Play-Doh to fill ten frames. They can use orange for “pumpkins,” red for “apples,” etc. Plus, manipulating Play-Doh is great for building fine motor skills. What a fun bonus!
  
• Counters: Here’s where you can really think outside the box! There are so many different items that can be used as counters. Think holiday themed erasers, counting cubes, real acorns, rocks, or sea shells, and even candy like m&ms or Skittles! Have kids place these items on ten frames with tongs for more fine motor practice.
  
• Printed Picture Cards: Some themed printable ten frames can be used with matching picture cards to add an extra element of fun for kids!
  

I get excited just thinking of all the ways ten frames can be used to teach math skills to young learners! Isn’t it great to know that learning can be effective and fun at the same time?